TOS can affect daily activities and, if untreated, may lead to serious complications like blood clots or nerve damage.

TYPES OF TOS

• - Neurogenic TOS: Compression of nerves (most common)
• - Venous TOS: Compression of veins causing swelling
• - Arterial TOS: Compression of arteries (rare but serious)

COMMON CAUSES

• - Poor posture
• - Repetitive overhead activities
• - Trauma or injury (accidents)
• - Congenital abnormalities (extra rib)
• - Muscle enlargement (athletes)

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

• - Pain in neck, shoulder, or arm
• - Numbness or tingling in fingers
• - Weak grip strength
• - Swelling in arm or hand
• - Coldness or color change in fingers

HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?

• - Physical examination & posture assessment
• - Doppler Ultrasound
• - CT / MR Angiography
• - Nerve conduction studies

TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. Conservative Treatment:

• - Physiotherapy & posture correction
• - Pain management
• - Activity modification

2. Interventional Treatment:

• - Thrombolysis (for venous TOS)
• - Balloon angioplasty

3. Surgical Treatment:

• - First rib resection
• - Decompression surgery
• - Removal of abnormal structures

COMPLICATIONS IF UNTREATED

• - Chronic pain
• - Permanent nerve damage
• - Blood clots (DVT)
• - Reduced arm function

RECOVERY & REHABILITATION

• - Regular physiotherapy
• - Posture correction exercises
• - Follow-up monitoring

Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent long-term complications and restore normal function.